Alendronate Sodium 70mg 的 副作用

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经典问答

发表者:梁九根 人已读

患者:病情描述(发病时间、主要症状、就诊医院等): 骨质疏松症 -0.4,3年,每年都检查确定 无大进展,服Alendronate Sodium 70 mg/周 服用阿仑磷酸盐已近3年,听说会有负作用?

中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院核医学科梁九根

你好!-0.4 是否指你测过骨密度,那个部位的?什么仪器检测的?

阿伦磷酸钠的副作用相对其他磷酸类药物较少,主要指上消化道的副作用如食管炎,胃刺激症状,因此有消化道溃疡的患者应慎用。另外尚有罕见的下颌骨坏死,到目前为止,全球报道了数例,主要见于癌症患者和拔牙患者;理论上还有骨软化,但实际应用未曾发现。

福善美国外有患者连续服用十几年,副作用极少见。

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本文仅供健康科普使用,不能做为诊断、治疗的依据,请谨慎参阅

发表于:2010-08-16

Alendronate Sodium 70mg 的 副作用

Alendronate Sodium 70mg 的 副作用

藥物總有副作用?

顏寶倫醫生 | 2019-10-17

Alendronate Sodium 70mg 的 副作用

60歲的秀玲個子細小,身型瘦削,早前在巴士上層落樓梯,去到最後兩級時跣倒,一個屁股坐在地上,因劇痛到急症室照X光,發現是薦骨最下端的尾骨骨折彎了。急症室醫生說這骨折不需要特別的治療,給了秀玲止痛藥,轉介她見骨科醫生跟進。

骨科醫生為秀玲安排了「DEXA掃描」,來檢驗「骨質疏鬆」的嚴重程度。DEXA結果發現秀玲「腰椎骨」的T-score為 -2.8、Z-score為 -1.8;「股骨」的T-score為 -2.7、Z-score為 -1.6(T-score是跟同性別、年輕時最好骨質密度的比較;Z-score則是跟同性別、同年齡人士的比較;每個單位為距離平均值的標準差,負值愈大,骨質疏鬆愈嚴重),顯示秀玲的骨質疏鬆屬非常嚴重。骨科醫生處方了Alendronate Sodium 70mg藥物給她,着她每周服一次,早上空肚服用一粒,用來減慢骨質疏鬆,預防骨折。

原因不一

秀玲今天拿着這藥,找熟悉的家庭醫生查問:「醫生,我打開藥盒找出內裏的單張,看到這隻藥有很多副作用啊!」「它會引致肚痛、消化不良、胃酸倒流、作嘔、腹脹、胃炎;也會有肌肉痠痛、抽筋。」「還有它會導致『顎骨壞死』和『非典型股骨骨折』!它有這麼多副作用,我還是不要服用這藥了。」

大家常說:「藥物總有副作用……」藥物的副作用清清楚楚地印刷在說明書裏,肯定沒有假了吧?秀玲的想法又正確嗎?

先細看服用Alendronate Sodium 70mg,每周一次,副作用的真實數字:在519位停經後女士當中(符合秀玲的情況),用藥一年間,3.7%會有肚痛、2.7%消化不良、1.9%胃酸倒流、1.9%作嘔、1.0%腹脹、0.2%胃炎、2.9%肌肉痠痛;顎骨壞死則是藥物在推出市場後觀察到的一些特殊個案,但與服用藥物的因果關係則未能確定;非典型股骨骨折,也是很少見的情況,這在無論是否有服藥,停經後的婦女都會出現,也是不能肯定跟用藥的因果關係。

看清楚後,便發現各項副作用的比率根本不高(當然是高是低也是見仁見智)。為了充分保障病人的知情權,藥廠必須將已知副作用全數列明;而某些極少見但嚴重的相關情況,即使沒有確實的因果關係,也會在「警惕事項」(Precaution)中報告出來。

說了那麼多副作用,總也不要忘記藥物是有其「作用」吧!最重要、更先前的問題,就是到底為何要用這藥物?Alendronate Sodium這藥抑制「破骨細胞」(Osteoclast),減少「骨吸收」(Bone Resorption),保存骨質,預防骨質疏鬆,證實可以防止骨折。秀玲的骨質疏鬆很嚴重,因跌倒而骨折的風險極高,服用這藥有很明顯的益處。醫生在平衡利弊後,建議秀玲服用這藥的決定很正確。

每位病人受副作用影響的可能性都不同,一定要作個別考慮:例如另一位女士的消化功能很差,患有嚴重的胃酸倒流,那醫生就要加重對這藥物副作用的顧慮。當然在建議病人服藥後,也要為病人提供實際的建議以預防副作用。例如服用Alendronate Sodium時,需要早上起床後空肚喝一大杯清水服用,並最少在半小時內保持站立,不要臥下,以希望盡快將藥物吸收到腸道裏,減少胃酸倒流與其他腸胃副作用。

放錯重點

對於藥物的副作用,醫生必須恰如其分地與病人溝通,若過分誇大藥物的副作用,叫病人得不到理想與合適的治療,那並不是好事。例如「他汀」(Statin)這降膽固藥,降低壞膽固醇的作用很明顯,副作用不多,大部分病人都「受得」這藥。這藥常見的副作用有「影響肝功能」和「肌肉痛」,但比率並不高;有不少病人得知這類藥物會「有副作用」,就覺得這藥「副作用很多」。若果有高風險病人,因為過度擔憂副作用而抗拒服用,卻忘記了藥物的作用和益處,也便是把重點放錯了。

在確認病人需要服用某種藥物,建議開始時,醫生亦必須盡責向病人講解其副作用。但就如藥物附帶的單張中所列出的副作用極多,醫生若依書直說,恐怕只會嚇倒病人!醫生應預告常見的副作用,並將罕見但極其嚴重的副作用解說給病人知曉,並提醒應該如何應付。例如常用的「抗甲狀腺藥」Carbimazole、Propylothiouracil等,常見的副作用為皮膚過敏痕癢、出疹;罕見但極其嚴重的副作用則是「壓抑骨髓」,特別是令骨髓不能製造白血球裏的「中性粒細胞」,令到病人對細菌感染的抵抗力大跌。醫生須事先告訴病人,若服藥後出現細菌感染的跡象,如發高燒、喉嚨痛,便要立即停藥,並到急症室求診以作即時檢查。這副作用很少見,但足以致命,醫生有責任要病人在服藥後清晰理解。

真誠溝通

可以再準確些預計藥物的副作用會在那個病人身上出現嗎?「精準醫學」(Precision Medicine)的概念,就是以個別病人的基因、分子或細胞特質作分析,以作出精準的診斷性測試,為每個病人作出獨特的醫療決定。利用這些方法可以更準確分辨藥物在每個病人身上可能出現的副作用。

例如Allopurinol這降低血液「尿酸」的藥物,在預防和治療因高尿酸引發嚴重「痛風症」非常有效。但這藥物可以有皮膚過敏的副作用,包括影響全身皮膚的嚴重情況「史蒂芬強生症候群」(Steven-Johnson Syndrome)和「毒性表皮溶解症」(Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis)。若果為病人抽血作一個HLA B*5801「基因指標」(Genetic Marker)的檢查,就可以篩選出高危人士(HLA B*5801基因陽性的病人,服此藥會有40至580倍的風險會出現副作用),也便可以更準確為病人建議用藥治療。

用藥時,不講副作用不對,只講副作用也是不對。選擇用藥與否?怎樣用藥?答案也唯有靠醫患間的真誠溝通。

撰文:顏寶倫醫生 香港家庭醫學學院

www.hkcfp.org.hk

Alendronate Sodium 70mg 的 副作用

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Alendronate
INDICATIONS
Fosamax is in the group of medicines called bisphosphonates (bis FOS fo nayts). It alters the cycle of bone formation and breakdown in the body. Fosamax slows bone loss while increasing bone mass, which may prevent bone fractures.
INSTRUCTIONS
Take Fosamax exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not take in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Follow the directions on your prescription label.
Fosamax tablets are taken either once each day or once each week.
Take the Fosamax tablet first thing in the morning, at least 30 minutes before you eat or drink anything or take any other medicine. If you take a Fosamax tablet only once a week, take it on the same day each week and always first thing in the morning.
Take each Fosamax tablet with a full glass (6 to 8 ounces) of water. Use only plain water (not mineral water) when taking a tablet. Do not crush, chew, or suck the Fosamax tablet. Swallow the pill whole.
After taking a Fosamax tablet, carefully follow these instructions:
Do not lie down or recline for at least 30 minutes after taking Fosamax.
Do not eat or drink anything other than plain water.
Do not take any other medicines including vitamins, calcium, or antacids for at least 30 minutes after taking Fosamax. It may be best to take your other medicines at a different time of the day. Talk with your doctor about the best dosing schedule for your other medicines.
To be sure Fosamax is helping your condition, your bone mineral density will need to be tested on a regular basis. Visit your doctor regularly.
If you need to have any dental work (especially surgery), tell the dentist ahead of time that you are using this medicine. You may need to stop using the medicine for a short time.
Fosamax is only part of a complete program of treatment that may also include diet changes, exercise, and taking calcium and vitamin supplements. Follow your diet, medication, and exercise routines very closely.
If you take Fosamax tablets once daily: If you forget to take this medicine first thing in the morning, do not take it later in the day. Wait until the following morning to take the medicine and skip the missed dose. Do not take two (2) tablets in one day.
If you take Fosamax tablets once a week: If you forget to take Fosamax on your scheduled day, take it first thing in the morning on the day after you remember the missed dose. Then return to your regular weekly schedule on your chosen dose day. Do not take two (2) tablets in one day.
DOSAGE
Treatment of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women
The recommended dosage is:
one 70 mg tablet once weekly
one bottle of 70 mg oral solution once weekly
one 10 mg tablet once daily
Prevention of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women
The recommended dosage is:
one 35 mg tablet once weekly
one 5 mg tablet once daily
Treatment to Increase Bone Mass in Men with Osteoporosis
The recommended dosage is:
one 70 mg tablet once weekly
one bottle of 70 mg oral solution once weekly
one 10 mg tablet once daily
Treatment of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis
The recommended dosage is one 5 mg tablet once daily, except for postmenopausal women not receiving estrogen, for whom the recommended dosage is one 10 mg tablet once daily.
Treatment of Paget's Disease of Bone
The recommended treatment regimen is 40 mg once a day for six months.
STORAGE
Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat.
SAFETY INFORMATION
Do not take a Fosamax tablet if you cannot sit upright or stand for at least 30 minutes. Fosamax can cause serious problems in the stomach or esophagus (the tube that connects your mouth and stomach). You will need to stay upright for at least 30 minutes after taking this medication.
You should not take Fosamax if you are allergic to alendronate, or if you have low levels of calcium in your blood (hypocalcemia), or a problem with the movement of muscles in your esophagus.
To make sure you can safely take Fosamax, tell your doctor if you have any of these other conditions:
trouble swallowing;
a vitamin D deficiency;
a dental problem;
kidney disease; or
an ulcer or other problem in your stomach or esophagus.
Some people using medicines similar to Fosamax have developed bone loss in the jaw, also called osteonecrosis of the jaw. Symptoms may include jaw pain, swelling, numbness, loose teeth, gum infection, or slow healing after injury or surgery involving the gums.
You may be more likely to develop osteonecrosis of the jaw if you have cancer or have been treated with chemotherapy, radiation, or steroids. Other conditions associated with osteonecrosis of the jaw include blood clotting disorders, anemia (low red blood cells), and dental surgery or pre-existing dental problems.
Talk with your doctor about the risks and benefits of using Fosamax.
FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether Fosamax will harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while using this medication. It is not known whether alendronate passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use Fosamax without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.
SIDE EFFECTS
Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction to Fosamax: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Stop using Fosamax and call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:
chest pain;
difficulty or pain when swallowing;
pain or burning under the ribs or in the back;
severe heartburn, burning pain in your upper stomach, or coughing up blood;
new or worsening heartburn;
fever, body aches, flu symptoms;
severe joint, bone, or muscle pain;
new or unusual pain in your thigh or hip;
jaw pain, numbness, or swelling.
Less serious Fosamax side effects may include:
mild heartburn, bloating;
mild nausea, vomiting, or stomach pain;
diarrhea, gas, or constipation;
mild joint pain or swelling;
swelling in your hands or feet; or
dizziness, eye pain, headache.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.