人之初性本善

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人之初，性本善？

调查显示，大部分人认为人的本性是善的。圣经也告诉我们，神看人类的受造是好的。然而，我们都知道有人伤害过我们或是其他人，我们也同样伤害过别人。那么，发生了什么，使我们会撒谎、欺骗和偷盗。

在这本小册子中，史普罗博士解释了我们如何从道德中堕落的，以及我们的败坏有多深。我们不仅仅是做错了，我们还得罪了圣洁的上帝。虽然这不是个好消息，但这不是故事的结局。

史普罗博士的“关键问题”系列小册子为基督徒和有思考的寻求者经常提出的重要问题提供了简洁的答案。

R. C. Sproul（史普罗）是位于佛罗里达州奥兰多附近的神学教育事工林格尼尔（Ligonier）的主席与创办人，他也是位于佛罗里达州桑福德的圣安德烈教会的牧师之一，并担任改革宗圣经学院校长和《桌边谈》（Tabletalk）杂志的执行编辑。

三字經》的第一句說：人之初，性本善。

legco.gov.hk

According to the first line of the "San Zi Teachings", men are born good.

legco.gov.hk

人之初、性本善的概念已经被这片土地上的暴行批驳得体无完肤。

daccess-ods.un.org

The very concept of intrinsic human good has [...]

been torn apart by the brutalities committed in this land.

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其製造過程所涉及的重要步驟均需要純熟的人手技術，以保持設計質素，以避免帶來一些潛在的不完善之處，影響絶緣體的完善性能。

legco.gov.hk

Its production process involves critical steps demanding high human skills so

[...]

as to maintain the

[...] specified design quality and to avoid bringing in some hidden imperfections, which could affect the integrity of the insulation property.

legco.gov.hk

本报告确认了人权高专办认为可以作为人权高专办和常设论坛之间交换意见的主题领域，包括讨论：(a) 常设论坛可以向人权高专办提供的咨询意见性质和形式；(b) 人权高专办每年向论坛提供的资料的性质； (c) 论坛成员在人权高专办国家一级的活动中可与其进行的合作；(d) 改善人权高专办和论坛观察员(尤其是国家和土著人民组织 ) 之间对话的方式方法；(e) 处理可能在论坛届会上提出的人权申诉的妥善方法。

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The present report identifies areas that OHCHR considers could be the subject of exchanges between the Office and the Permanent Forum, including a discussion on (a) the nature and form of advice that the Forum can give to OHCHR; (b) the nature of the information provided annually by OHCHR to the Forum; (c) the possible cooperation of members of the Forum with OHCHR in its activities at the country level; (d) the ways for improving dialogue between OHCHR and observers [...]

to the Forum, especially

[...]

States and indigenous peoples’ organizations; and (e) the appropriate ways of handling human rights complaints that may arise at sessions of the Forum.

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在此情况下，为了有效管理和实施医疗保健系统改进措施，摩尔多瓦开始重点关注医疗保健政策的制定与实施、医疗保健政策实施计划的制定、将未投保的居民纳入强制性医疗保险、初级医疗保健服务机构的修复与医疗保健设施的供应、医院必备设施的供应、增加居民(其中包括农村居民)用药政策的制定、基本药物报销机制的完善等。

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Thus, to manage and implement the measures of improvement of the healthcare system emphasis is made on the development and implementation of the healthcare policies, development of action programmes for their implementation, inclusion of

[...]

noninsured population in the system of mandatory healthcare insurance, rehabilitation and supply with equipment and sanitary transport of the primary

[...] healthcare institutions, supply of hospitals with necessary equipment, development of policies to increase access of the population to medicine, including the rural population and improvement of the compensatory mechanisms for medicine.

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其中，上述工作逐步与联合国人权事务高级专员办事处提交的各项指标图 (HRI/MC/2008/3)对应的指导方针相结合，本初次报告中的数据通过相关指标得以印证；在将其与处理残疾事务有机结合之前，我们无法采用这些指标结果。

daccess-ods.un.org

Therefore, in accordance with the guidelines for the

[...]

preparation of tables

[...] on illustrative indicators provided by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) (HRI/MC/2008/3), the data contained in this initial report are derived from process indicators, since, until a structural approach [...]

to the issue is

[...]

developed, outcome indicators cannot be used.

daccess-ods.un.org

许多会员国报告了本国采取的旨在改善性别均衡、妇女在文职和军警部门中的人数以及使妇女更多地参与国际和平行动的举措。

un.org

Many Member

[...] States reported on national initiatives designed to improve gender balance and representation of women in civilian [...]

and uniformed

[...]

services and to increase their participation in international peace operations.

un.org

为了确保精神障碍不被卫生系统忽视，卫生当局应制定精神健康政策，将精神健康纳入初级卫生保健之中，为劳动力发展和基本药物采购编列预算，对初级卫生保健人员进行有关精神健康方面的培训。

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To ensure that mental disorders are not disregarded by the health system, health authorities should develop a mental health policy, integrate mental health treatment into primary health care, budget for workforce development and essential drug procurement, and train primary health-care providers in mental health.

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本初步研究的目的之一即引起人们注意土著人民与国家行为体之间不同的世界观，并认识到关注这些不同之处有利于两者之间进一步对话和更清晰地沟通。

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Part of the objective of this preliminary study is to draw attention [...]

to differences in world view between indigenous peoples

[...]

and State actors, with the understanding that focusing on those differences will be conducive to further dialogue and clearer communication between them.

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为了让人们能够利用对话和谈判就有争议问题达成协商一致，粮农组织拟订了关于在土地问题上改善性别平等的初步准则，并在 2009 年和 2010 年与联合国系统、各国政府、民间社会和私营部门开展广泛协商。

daccess-ods.un.org

To enable people to use dialogue and

[...] negotiation to reach consensus on controversial issues, FAO developed preliminary guidelines for improving gender equality in territorial issues and undertook extensive consultations [...]

in 2009 and 2010 with the United Nations system, Governments, civil society and the private sector.

daccess-ods.un.org

(b) 訂立任何擔保、彌償或擔保合約，尤其是（在不損及上述各項之一般性原則下）透過個人責任或按揭或質押全部或任何部分之業務、物業及資產（現有及未來）及本公司之未催繳資本或同時透過該兩種方法或以任何其他方式，擔保、支持或保證（無論是否涉及代價）履行任何人士（包括（在不損及上述各項之一般性原則下）本公司當時之附屬公司或控股公司或本公司控股公司之另一家附屬公司或以其他方式與本公司有關連之公司）之任何抵押或負債之任何義務或承擔，以及償還或支付該等抵押或負債之本金額及任何溢價、利息、股息及其他應付款項。

ciamgroup.com

(b) To enter into any guarantee, contract of indemnity or suretyship and in particular (without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing) to guarantee, support or secure, with or without consideration, whether by personal obligation or by mortgaging or charging all or any part of the

[...]

undertaking, property and

[...] assets (present and future) and uncalled capital of the Company or both such methods or in any other manner, the performance of any obligations or commitments, of, and the prepayment or payment of the principal amounts of and any premiums, interest, dividends and other moneys payable on or in respect of any securities or liabilities of, any person including [...]

(without prejudice

[...]

to the generality of the foregoing) any company which is for the time being a subsidiary or a holding company of the Company or another subsidiary or a holding company of the Company or otherwise associated with the Company.

ciamgroup.com

於共同控制實體之投資採用權益會計法列賬，並起初按成本確認。

asiasat.com

Investments in jointly controlled entities are

[...] accounted for using the equity method of accounting and are initially recognised at cost.

asiasat.com

它强调指出了落实这一《公约》的紧迫性并说，在《世界人权宣言》这类重要文本之后，《公约》可以在二十一世纪占有特殊的地位，尤其是对可持续发展和脱贫而言。

unesdoc.unesco.org

It stressed that implementation was urgent,

[...] and that following the major texts such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the [...]

Convention could occupy

[...]

a very special place in the twenty-first century, particularly with regard to sustainable development and efforts to combat poverty.

unesdoc.unesco.org

(k) 采取适当措施，确保每个儿童都能在机会均等基础上充分落实受教育的权利，包括为此提供可获得的免费义务初等教育，以期最充分地发展儿童的个性、才智和身心潜能，并改善初等教育、幼儿期照料和教育服务之间的协调，以确保幼儿更好地过渡进入小学

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(k) To take appropriate measures to ensure the full realization of the right to education on the basis of equal opportunity for every child, including by providing accessible, free and compulsory primary education

[...]

directed to the development of the personality, talents and mental and

[...] physical abilities of the child to his or her fullest potential, and to improve coordination between primary education, early childhood care [...]

and education services

[...]

to ensure a better transition to primary school

daccess-ods.un.org

在按成本初始確認後，投資性房地產按公允價值列賬，公允價值指由外部估值師於每個報告日期釐定的公開市值。

wingtaiproperties.com

After initial recognition at cost investment properties are carried at [...]

fair value, representing open market value determined

[...]

at each reporting date by external valuers.

wingtaiproperties.com

这些政策包括改善初等和高等教育质量；更好地将教育系统的产出同劳动力市场的需求匹配起来；挖掘新兴绿色经济为该区域创造工作岗位提供的潜力，特别是对青年而言；鼓励基础广泛的创业，以创造和探索新的可持续经济可能性。

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These policies include improving the quality of education at the primary and higher levels; better matching the outputs of the educational system with labour market needs; exploring the potential offered by an emerging green economy in the region for job creation, particularly for young people; and encouraging broad-based entrepreneurship to create and exploit new sustainable economic possibilities.

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7）关于个人信息的管理方法继续的改善本公司，重新评估个人信息的管理方法，实施继续性的改善。

chuozuken.co.jp

(7) Regarding continuous improvement of the management practice of personal information We review the [...]

management practice of personal information and continuously implement the improvement.

chuozuken.co.jp

(b) 改善初级卫生保健服务质量，扩大预防性干预措施范围，包括提高免疫覆盖率、营养干预和对医务人员进行培训，以降低新生儿、婴儿和孕产妇死亡率，优先考虑贫困率偏高的农村地区

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(b) Improve the quality of and expand preventive interventions in primary health care, including increased immunization coverage, nutrition interventions [...]

and provide training

[...]

for medical personnel, with a view to reduce neo-natal, infant and maternal mortality rates, giving priority to rural areas (Upper Egypt) where there are high levels of poverty

daccess-ods.un.org

在 2008-2009 两年期，审计委员会注意到项目厅的财务报表列报有所改善，但初始财务报表仍需要对结余进行一些实质性重新归类。

daccess-ods.un.org

During the biennium 2008-2009, the

[...] Board noted improvements in the presentation of UNOPS financial statements; however, the initial financial statements [...]

still required some

[...]

material reclassification of balances.

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关于他的身体另一方面话语的塞维鲁这使得基督的苦难自愿许可，造成相当的治疗比自然有必要，或许可以辩解的考虑，从工会和随之而来的至福直观的基督的灵魂，将congruously接踵而来一个灵魂封圣的身体和精神化的，因为实际上是复活的情况后，从这个角度来看，的确是人性的可能性是自愿的（即，神颁布的意愿），而不是由于它在该州是它固有的联盟后，虽然人的本质是它自己的性质 pa ssible）除了联盟（圣托马斯，三，问：十四，答：1，广告2。

mb-soft.com

On the other hand utterances of Severus which make Christ's sufferings voluntarily permitted, rather than naturally necessitated by the treatment inflicted on His Body, might perhaps be defended by the consideration that from the union and consequent Beatific Vision in the Soul of Christ, would congruously ensue a beatification of the Soul and a spiritualizing of the Body, as was actually the case after the Resurrection; from this point of view it is true that the possibility of the Humanity is voluntary (that is, decreed by the Divine will) and not due to it in the state which is connatural to it after the union; although the Human Nature is of its own nature passible apart from the union (St. Thomas, III, Q. xiv, a. 1, ad 2).

mb-soft.com

在緊接句號之前加上“；(十三) 協助業界解決在推行更換歐盟二期柴油商業車輛計劃後所出現的技術問題，從而確保更換後的新型車輛在維修、設計及零件配套等方面皆可配合業界的運作；(十四) 研究並諮詢公眾及運輸業界有關設立‘低排放區’的具體建議；(十五) 要求本港電力公司在不增加電費及不影響市民健康的前提下，全面採用低排放發電技術及使用潔淨燃料發電，從而改善本港因發電排放廢氣而引致的空氣污染；及(十六) 將僱員因在空氣污染嚴重的環境下戶外工作所引致的相關疾病列為職業病”。

legco.gov.hk

To add "; (m) to assist the industries in resolving

[...] the technical problems that occur after the implementation of the scheme for the replacement of Euro II diesel commercial vehicles, with a view to ensuring that the repair, design and parts availability, etc., of the new vehicles after replacement can tie in with the operation of the industries; (n) to study and consult the public and the transport sector on a specific proposal of designating 'low emission zones'; (o) to require power companies in Hong Kong to fully adopt low-emission power generation technologies and clean fuel for power generation on the premise of not increasing electricity tariffs and affecting public health, with a view to alleviating the air pollution caused by power generation emission in Hong Kong; and [...]

(p) to classify the related

[...]

diseases contracted by employees who have to work outdoors under severe air pollution conditions as occupational diseases" immediately before the full stop.

legco.gov.hk

一个前提是，如果有关行为在下列日期之前发生，即使当时有关人为公民，也不得依据本条款剥夺其国籍：就外国而言，有关行为发生在 1962 年 10 月初之前,就英联邦国家而言，此行为发生在 1977 年 1 月初之前。

daccess-ods.un.org

Provided that a person shall not be deprived of citizenship under this clause by reason of anything

[...]

done before the

[...] beginning of October 1962, in relation to a foreign country, and before the beginning of January 1977, in relation to a Commonwealth country, notwithstanding [...]

that he was at the time a citizen.

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又回顾《联合国宪章》的条文载明，世界各国人民宣告同兹决心，重申基本人权、人格尊严与价值，以及男女权利平等与大小各国权利平等之信念，促成大自由中之社会进步及较善之民生

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Recalling also the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations, in which the peoples of the world proclaimed their determination to

[...]

reaffirm faith in fundamental

[...] human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and to promote social progress and better standards [...]

of life in larger freedom

daccess-ods.un.org

经过改良的儿基会业绩监测系统表明，需要进一步关注若干优先领域：(a)

[...] 在国家和区域两级加强主要规划文件的质量保证；(b) 继续在组织方面对国家合作方案的两性平等审查进行投资；(c) 改善性别数据分析，特别是分析性别和其他歧视形式之间的关系；(d) 儿基会工作人员更加熟悉新的性别政策及其系统应用方法；(e) 在工作人员绩效审查中更加重视两性平等；(f) [...]

成功应用和使用新的两性平等标识系统。

daccess-ods.un.org

The improved performance monitoring systems of UNICEF suggest a number of priority areas for further attention: (a) strengthened quality assurance for key planning documents at the country and regional levels; (b) continued organizational investment in gender reviews of

[...]

country programmes of

[...] cooperation; (c) improved analysis of data relating to gender, in particular with regard to relationships between gender and other forms [...]

of discrimination;

[...]

(d) expanded familiarity of UNICEF staff with the new gender policy and methods for its systematic application; (e) greater attention to gender equality in staff performance reviews; and (f) successful application and use of the new Gender Equality Marker.

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事實上，不同族裔，無論中國人、印

[...] 度人、巴基斯坦人或尼泊爾人，他們都深信家庭、友情、互相信任及尊重，以及人類本性善良等這些價值的重要性。

legco.gov.hk

The fact is: Our different racial groups ― be they Chinese, Indian, Pakistani or Nepalese ― all

[...]

believe in the values of importance of the family, friendship, mutual trust

[...] and respect, and the good nature of people.

legco.gov.hk

教科文组织是科学政策领域，尤其是科技与创新计划领域及科技、创新和工程领域中关键的国际性参与者，它的这种地位通过精简和进一步完善本部门有关科学政策的工作以及启动和不断发展科技与创新全球评估计划（STIGAP）得到加强。

unesdoc.unesco.org

UNESCO’s position as a key

[...] international player in the field of science policy, in general, and in the field of STI programmes and the [...]

assessment of science,

[...]

technology, innovation and engineering in particular, was reinforced through streamlining and further developing of the Sector’s work on science policy with the initiation and ongoing development of the Science, Technology and Innovation Global Assessment Programme (STIGAP).

unesdoc.unesco.org